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The is a 938 CE Japanese dictionary of Chinese characters. The Heian Period scholar Minamoto no Shitagō (源順, 911-983 CE) began compilation in 934, at the request of Emperor Daigo's daughter. This ''Wamyō ruijushō'' title is abbreviated as ''Wamyōshō'', and has graphic variants of 和名類聚抄 with ''wa'' 和 "harmony; Japan" for ''wa'' 倭 "dwarf; Japan" and 倭名類聚鈔 with ''shō'' 鈔 "copy; summarize" for ''shō'' 抄 "copy; annotate". The ''Wamyō ruijushō'' is the oldest extant Japanese dictionary organized into semantic headings, analogous to a Western language thesaurus. This ancient lexicographical collation system was developed in Chinese dictionaries like the ''Erya'', ''Xiao Erya'', and ''Shiming''. The ''Wamyōshō'' categorizes ''kanji'' vocabulary, primarily nouns, into main headings (''bu'' 部) divided into subheadings (''rui'' 類). For instance, the ''tenchi'' (天地 "heaven and earth") heading includes eight semantic divisions like ''seishuku'' (星宿 "stars and constellations"), ''un'u'' (雲雨 "clouds and rain"), and ''fūsetsu'' (風雪 "wind and snow"). Each dictionary entry gives the Chinese character, sources cited, Chinese pronunciations (with either a homonym or ''fanqie'' spelling), definitions, and corresponding Japanese readings (in the ancient ''Man'yōgana'' system using K5anji to represent Japanese pronunciation). It cites over 290 sources, both Chinese (for example, the ''Shuowen Jiezi'') and Japanese (the ''Man'yōshū''). The ''Wamyō ruijushō'', survives in both a 10-volume edition (十巻本) and a 20-volume edition (二十巻本). The larger one was published in 1617 with a commentary by Nawa Dōen (那波道円, 1595-1648) and was used in the Edo Period until the 1883 publication of the 10-volume edition annotated by Kariya Ekisai (狩谷棭齋, 1775-1835), also known as the ''Senchū Wamyō ruijushō'' (箋注倭名類聚抄 "Annotated commentary to the ''Wamyō ruijushō''"). The 10-volume edition has 24 main headings divided into a total of 128 subheadings, while the 20-volume version has 32 and 249, respectively. The table below illustrates how words are semantically categorized in the 10-volume edition. The broadly inclusive ''Wamyō ruijushō'' dictionary was an antecedent for Japanese encyclopedias. In the present day, it provides linguists and historians with an invaluable record of the Japanese language over 1000 years ago. For more details, see Bailey (1960:4-6, 18-19) in English and Okimori (1996:287-288) in Japanese. ==References== *Bailey, Don Clifford. (1960). "Early Japanese Lexicography". ''Monumenta Nipponica'' 16:1-52. *Mori Shiten 林史典. (1996). "和名類聚抄 (''Wamyō ruijushō'')." In ''Nihon jisho jiten'' 日本辞書辞典 (''The Encyclopedia of Dictionaries Published in Japan''), Okimori Takuya 沖森卓也, et al., eds., pp. 287–288. Tokyo: Ōfū. ISBN 4-273-02890-5 * * * 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Wamyō Ruijushō」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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